99+ Steven D. Levitt Quotes on Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything, Think Like a Freak and Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything - Quotes.pub

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Incentives are the cornerstone of modern life. And understanding them - or, often, deciphering them - is the key to understanding a problem, and how it might be solved.Knowing what to measure, and how to measure it, can make a complicated world less so. There is nothing like the sheer power of numbers to scrub away lawyers of confusion and contradiction, especially with emotional, hot-button topics.The conventional wisdom is often wrong. And a blithe acceptance of it can lead to sloppy, wasteful, or even dangerous outcomes.Correlation does not equal causality. When two things travel together, it is tempting to assume that one causes the other. Married people, for instance, are demonstrably happier than single people; does this mean that marriage causes happiness? Not necessarily. The data suggest that happy people are more likely to get married in the first place. As one researcher memorably put it, "If you're grumpy, who the hell wants to marry you?

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Un estudio que abarca cincuenta años de los Nobel de Química y Física demuestra que los ganadores vivieron más tiempo que los que solo fueron candidatos.

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The data suggest that happy people are more likely to get married

Think Like a Freak Quotes

But if you want to think like a Freak, you must learn to be a master of incentives—the good, the bad, and the ugly.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

But running with the herd means we are quick to embrace the status quo, slow to change our minds, and happy to delegate our thinking.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

After all, just because you’re at the office is no reason to stop thinking.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

De modo que es posible que acudir al hospital aumente ligeramente sus probabilidades de sobrevivir si tiene un problema grave, pero aumenta sus probabilidades de morir si no lo tiene.

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one more story from the Bible, about King David. He slept with a married woman, Bathsheba, and got her pregnant. In order to cover up his transgression, David arranged for Bathsheba’s husband, a soldier, to die in battle. David then took Bathsheba as his own wife. God sent a prophet named Nathan to let David know this behavior was unacceptable. But how does a lowly prophet go about imparting such a message to the king of Israel? Nathan told him a story. He described to David two men, one rich and one poor. The rich man had huge flocks of animals; the poor man had just one little lamb, whom he treated like a member of his family. One day a traveler came through. The rich man, Nathan told King David, was happy to feed the traveler but he didn’t want to take a sheep from his own flock. So he took the poor man’s only lamb, killed it, and served it to the traveler. The story enrages David: “The man who did this deserves to die,” he says. “That man,” Nathan tells him, “is you.” Case closed. Nathan didn’t berate David with rules—Hey, don’t covet your neighbor’s wife! Hey, don’t kill! Hey, don’t commit adultery!—even though David had broken all of them. He just told a story about a lamb. Very persuasive.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Everyone’s entitled to their own opinion but not to their own facts.”)

Think Like a Freak Quotes

riesgo = peligro + escándalo.

Freakonomics Quotes

The same thing happens if health care is distributed in a similar fashion: people consume more of it than if they were charged the sticker price. This means the “worried well” crowd out the truly sick, wait times increase for everyone, and a massive share of the costs go to the final months of elderly patients’ lives, often without much real advantage.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

The same lesson can be learned from one of the most widely read books in history: the Bible. What is the Bible “about”? Different people will of course answer that question differently. But we could all agree the Bible contains perhaps the most influential set of rules in human history: the Ten Commandments. They became the foundation of not only the Judeo-Christian tradition but of many societies at large. So surely most of us can recite the Ten Commandments front to back, back to front, and every way in between, right? All right then, go ahead and name the Ten Commandments. We’ll give you a minute to jog your memory . . . . . . . . . . . . Okay, here they are: 1. I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, the house of bondage. 2. You shall have no other gods before Me. 3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. 4. Remember the Sabbath day, to make it holy. 5. Honor your father and your mother. 6. You shall not murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s house, nor your neighbor’s wife . . . nor any thing that is your neighbor’s. How did you do? Probably not so well. But don’t worry—most people don’t. A recent survey found that only 14 percent of U.S. adults could recall all Ten Commandments; only 71 percent could name even one commandment. (The three best-remembered commandments were numbers 6, 8, and 10—murder, stealing, and coveting—while number 2, forbidding false gods, was in last place.) Maybe, you’re thinking, this says less about biblical rules than how bad our memories are. But consider this: in the same survey, 25 percent of the respondents could name the seven principal ingredients of a Big Mac, while 35 percent could name all six kids from The Brady Bunch. If we have such a hard time recalling the most famous set of rules from perhaps the most famous book in history, what do we remember from the Bible? The stories. We remember that Eve fed Adam a forbidden apple and that one of their sons, Cain, murdered the other, Abel. We remember that Moses parted the Red Sea in order to lead the Israelites out of slavery. We remember that Abraham was instructed to sacrifice his own son on a mountain—and we even remember that King Solomon settled a maternity dispute by threatening to slice a baby in half. These are the stories we tell again and again and again, even those of us who aren’t remotely “religious.” Why? Because they stick with us; they move us; they persuade us to consider the constancy and frailties of the human experience in a way that mere rules cannot.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Sometimes in life, going straight up the middle is the boldest move of all.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

by the time most people pick up a parenting book, it is far too late. Most of the things that matter were decided long ago—who you are, whom you married, what kind of life you lead. If you are smart, hardworking, well educated, well paid, and married to someone equally fortunate, then your children are more likely to succeed. (Nor does it hurt, in all likelihood, to be honest, thoughtful, loving, and curious about the world.) But it isn’t so much a matter of what you do as a parent; it’s who you are

Parenting Quotes

Young women in Cameroon have their breasts “ironed”—beaten or massaged by a wooden pestle or a heated coconut shell—to make them less sexually tempting.

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The economic approach is both broader and simpler than that. It relies on data, rather than hunch or ideology, to understand how the world works, to learn how incentives succeed (or fail), how resources get allocated, and what sort of obstacles prevent people from getting those resources, whether they are concrete (like food and transportation) or more aspirational (like education and love).

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Todos desean triunfar en un campo extremadamente competitivo en el que, si alcanzan la cima, les pagan una fortuna (por no hablar de la gloria y el poder que comporta).

Freakonomics Quotes

Name-calling will make you an enemy, not an ally, and if that is your objective, then persuasion is probably not what you were after in the first place.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

one of the most powerful laws in the universe is the law of unintended consequences.

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A person who is lying or cheating will often respond to an incentive differently than an honest person.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Ante cualquier incentivo, cualquier situación, la gente deshonesta tratará de obtener un beneficio sin importar los medios a emplear.

Freakonomics Quotes

A story, meanwhile, fills out the picture. It uses data, statistical or otherwise, to portray a sense of magnitude; without data, we have no idea how a story fits into the larger scheme of things. A good story also includes the passage of time, to show the degree of constancy or change; without a time frame, we can’t judge whether we’re looking at something truly noteworthy or just an anomalous blip. And a story lays out a daisy chain of events, to show the causes that lead up to a particular situation and the consequences that result from it.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

We’d like to bury the idea that there’s a right way and a wrong way, a smart way and a foolish way, a red way and a blue way. The modern world demands that we all think a bit more productively, more creatively, more rationally; that we think from a different angle, with a different set of muscles, with a different set of expectations; that we think with neither fear nor favor, with neither blind optimism nor sour skepticism. That we think like—ahem—a Freak.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

An incentive is a bullet, a lever, a key: an often tiny object with astonishing power to change a situation.

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything Quotes

It also means that the pain of negative feedback will for most people trump the pleasure from positive feedback.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

For every clever person who goes to the trouble of creating an incentive scheme, there is an army of people, clever and otherwise, who will inevitably spend even more time trying to beat it.

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything Quotes

un padre dominante se parece enormemente al candidato político que cree que el dinero gana elecciones, cuando en realidad si un candidato no gusta a los votantes no saldrá elegido ni con todo el dinero del mundo.

Freakonomics Quotes

Bajo la dirección de List, un grupo de altruistas se había convertido de repente —y con bastante facilidad— en una banda de ladrones.

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Pay attention to how people respond; if their response surprises or frustrates you, learn from it and try something different.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

The impulse to investigate can only be set free if you stop pretending to know answers that you don’t. Because the incentives to pretend are so strong, this may require some bravery on your part.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Incentivize them on the dimensions that are valuable to them but cheap for you to provide.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

La información es un faro, un garrote, una rama de olivo, en total, un elemento de disuasión, dependiendo de quién la maneje y cómo.

Freakonomics Quotes

the best way to get what you want is to treat other people with decency.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Por cada punto que aumenta el porcentaje de coches de una ciudad que tienen instalado el LoJack, la tasa general de robos disminuye un 20 por ciento.

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parent in a retirement home is more likely to be visited by his grown children if they are expecting a sizable inheritance. But wait, you say: maybe the offspring of wealthy families are simply more caring toward their elderly parents? A reasonable conjecture—in which

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It’s easy to envision how you’d change the behavior of people who think just like you do, but the people whose behavior you’re trying to change often don’t think like you—and, therefore, don’t respond as you might expect.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Correlation does not equal causality. When two things travel together, it is tempting to assume that one causes the other. Married people, for instance, are demonstrably happier than single people; does this mean that marriage causes happiness? Not necessarily. The data suggest that happy people are more likely to get married in the first place. As one researcher memorably put it, “If you’re grumpy, who the hell wants to marry you?

Think Like a Freak Quotes

until you can admit what you don’t yet know, it’s virtually impossible to learn what you need to.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Stories also appeal to the narcissist in all of us. As a story unspools, with its cast of characters moving through time and making decisions, we inevitably put ourselves in their shoes. Yes, I would have done that too! or No no no, I never would have made that decision! Perhaps the best reason to tell stories is simply that they capture our attention and are therefore good at teaching. Let’s say there’s a theory or concept or set of rules you need to convey. While some people have the capacity to latch on directly to a complex message—we are talking to you, engineers and computer scientists—most of us quickly zone out if a message is too clinical or technical.

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Los cinturones de seguridad reducen el peligro de muerte hasta en un 70 por ciento;

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How can this type of data be made to tell a reliable story? By subjecting it to the economist’s favorite trick: regression analysis. No, regression analysis is not some forgotten form of psychiatric treatment. It is a powerful—if limited—tool that uses statistical techniques to identify otherwise elusive correlations.

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything Quotes

I hope when my kids have kids, there are still books around, and I don’t really care if mine are around, but I hope there are books around because I love the idea of that. I love doing this. I love doing a podcast, but to me, a book is a thing that has no equal.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

El 28% de las mujeres de la página web declaraban ser rubias, un número bastante superior a la media, lo cual indica grandes dosis de tinte, de mentira, o de ambos.

Freakonomics Quotes

1. What Does It Mean to Think Like a Freak?

Think Like a Freak Quotes

Anecdotes often represent the lowest form of persuasion.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

What does tenure do? It distorts people’s effort so that they face strong incentives early in their career (and presumably work very hard early on as a consequence) and very weak incentives forever after (and presumably work much less hard on average as a consequence).

When to Rob a Bank: ...And 131 More Warped Suggestions and Well-Intended Rants Quotes

Anecdotes often represent the lowest form of persuasion. A story, meanwhile, fills out the picture. It uses data, statistical or otherwise, to portray a sense of magnitude; without data, we have no idea how a story fits into the larger scheme of things. A good story also includes the passage of time, to show the degree of constancy or change; without a time frame, we can’t judge whether we’re looking at something truly noteworthy or just an anomalous blip. And a story lays out a daisy chain of events, to show the causes that lead up to a particular situation and the consequences that result from it.

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That is the idea behind a prize-linked savings (PLS) account.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

And there are few incentives more powerful than the fear of random violence - which, in essence, is why terrorism is so effective

Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything Quotes

With any problem, it’s important to figure out which incentives will actually work, not just what your moral compass tells you should work.

Think Like a Freak Quotes

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